GINC Developments
288 capabilities

Capabilities

The same record read the other way: a timeline for each capability of the framework, across every nation that shaped it.

Hard Power
40,057148 capabilities
Soft Power
41,66971 capabilities
Economic Power
20,71069 capabilities
Capabilities with a timeline
288of 288

Timelines by domain

A development belongs to a capability by a grade: very high, high or medium, given by a model reading the entry against the framework. Counted here are those graded very high or high, each once in its domain.

DomainDimensionCapabilitiesDevelopmentsLongest timelines
Critical TechnologyHard Power477,710High-Performance & AI Computing (782), Applied AI & Advanced Analytics (702), AI Safety, Security & Evaluation (510)
Strategic InfrastructureHard Power6220,853Rail Infrastructure (2,453), Mobile & Wireless Networks (1,910), Core & Backbone Networks (1,644)
National SecurityHard Power3911,494Combined Arms Manoeuvre (1,851), Special Operations & Irregular Warfare (1,345), Expeditionary & Peace Operations (941)
Human CapitalSoft Power254,473Public Health Functions (865), Knowledge Production (695), Tertiary Access & Participation (634)
Information & InfluenceSoft Power1810,589Alliance & Treaty Networks (1,882), Security Cooperation & Defence Diplomacy (1,627), Diplomatic Network & Consular Reach (1,576)
Governance & IntegritySoft Power2826,607Centre of Government & Policy Coordination (5,582), Electoral Management & Integrity (5,100), Fundamental Rights Protection (3,873)
Financial StrengthEconomic Power249,111External Liquidity & Financial Safety Nets (2,059), Revenue Mobilisation & Tax Administration (938), Sovereign Debt & Treasury Management (812)
Production & InnovationEconomic Power235,587Manufacturing & Advanced Industry (869), Agrifood & Primary Production (638), Labour Market Institutions & Wage Setting (629)
Trade & InvestmentEconomic Power226,012Market Access & Agreements Network (1,454), Economic Leverage & Coercion Resistance (1,269), Customs & Border Management (665)

Critical Technology

Hard Power · 10 groups, 47 capabilities

CapabilityGroupVery high or highWith medium
Structural & Composite MaterialsAdvanced Materials & Manufacturing7287
Functional Materials & CoatingsAdvanced Materials & Manufacturing2335
Nanomaterials & MetamaterialsAdvanced Materials & Manufacturing67130
Superconducting, Magnetic & Photonic MaterialsAdvanced Materials & Manufacturing8294
Energetic MaterialsAdvanced Materials & Manufacturing5366
Additive & Precision ManufacturingAdvanced Materials & Manufacturing159174
Advanced Chemical & Process ManufacturingAdvanced Materials & Manufacturing105133
Batteries & Energy StorageEnergy Technologies178212
Hydrogen, Ammonia & Sustainable FuelsEnergy Technologies188262
Next-Generation Solar & RenewablesEnergy Technologies136169
Advanced Nuclear & FusionEnergy Technologies152185
Directed Energy TechnologiesEnergy Technologies5562
Semiconductor Design & EDASemiconductors & Advanced Computing190283
Advanced Semiconductor FabricationSemiconductors & Advanced Computing406529
Semiconductor Equipment & MaterialsSemiconductors & Advanced Computing112136
Advanced Packaging & Heterogeneous IntegrationSemiconductors & Advanced Computing145193
Compound & Power SemiconductorsSemiconductors & Advanced Computing8393
High-Performance & AI ComputingSemiconductors & Advanced Computing7821,039
Machine Learning & Foundation ModelsArtificial Intelligence423668
Applied AI & Advanced AnalyticsArtificial Intelligence7021,032
AI Safety, Security & EvaluationArtificial Intelligence5101,060
Quantum ComputingQuantum Technologies163179
Quantum CommunicationQuantum Technologies137139
Quantum Sensing & MetrologyQuantum Technologies7982
Post-Quantum CryptographyQuantum Technologies5477
Advanced Optical Communication & PhotonicsConnectivity, Cyber & Trust Technologies7490
Advanced Wireless CommunicationConnectivity, Cyber & Trust Technologies391641
Resilient & Infrastructure-Independent NetworksConnectivity, Cyber & Trust Technologies5566
Protective Cybersecurity TechnologiesConnectivity, Cyber & Trust Technologies191254
Privacy, Identity & Trust TechnologiesConnectivity, Cyber & Trust Technologies164236
Precision Timing & Atomic ClocksSensing, Timing & Navigation105112
Resilient Positioning & NavigationSensing, Timing & Navigation102109
Advanced Imaging & Photonic SensingSensing, Timing & Navigation99143
Radar & Radiofrequency SensingSensing, Timing & Navigation133151
Acoustic & Undersea SensingSensing, Timing & Navigation7993
Advanced RoboticsRobotics & Autonomous Systems190233
Autonomous Systems & Trusted AutonomyRobotics & Autonomous Systems149192
Uncrewed & Collaborative SystemsRobotics & Autonomous Systems122200
Human-Machine InterfacesRobotics & Autonomous Systems5262
Genomics & Biological DataBiotechnology & Health Technologies179217
Synthetic Biology & Genetic EngineeringBiotechnology & Health Technologies167206
BiomanufacturingBiotechnology & Health Technologies142179
Nuclear Medicine & Radioisotope TechnologiesBiotechnology & Health Technologies7477
Advanced Therapeutics, Vaccines & Medical CountermeasuresBiotechnology & Health Technologies304379
Space Launch & Reusable SystemsSpace Technologies440506
Advanced Propulsion & Hypersonic SystemsSpace Technologies143166
Satellite & Constellation TechnologiesSpace Technologies241328

Strategic Infrastructure

Hard Power · 10 groups, 62 capabilities

CapabilityGroupVery high or highWith medium
Mining & QuarryingResource Infrastructure535620
Oil & Gas ExtractionResource Infrastructure680778
Processing & RefiningResource Infrastructure237286
Storage, Transport & ExportResource Infrastructure303371
Irrigation & Agricultural WaterAgriculture & Food Infrastructure184221
Livestock & VeterinaryAgriculture & Food Infrastructure115132
Fisheries & AquacultureAgriculture & Food Infrastructure134177
Storage, Cold Chain & MarketsAgriculture & Food Infrastructure108138
Thermal GenerationEnergy Infrastructure567683
Nuclear GenerationEnergy Infrastructure761840
Nuclear Fuel Cycle & Radioactive WasteEnergy Infrastructure314360
HydropowerEnergy Infrastructure852911
Renewable GenerationEnergy Infrastructure567679
Transmission & DistributionEnergy Infrastructure9921,221
System Control & DispatchEnergy Infrastructure266337
Storage & Fuel SupplyEnergy Infrastructure144209
Dams, Reservoirs & Flood DefenceWater, Sanitation & Waste Infrastructure304369
Water Supply & TreatmentWater, Sanitation & Waste Infrastructure103151
Bulk Water Transfer & DesalinationWater, Sanitation & Waste Infrastructure116120
Wastewater & SanitationWater, Sanitation & Waste Infrastructure8594
Solid Waste & RecyclingWater, Sanitation & Waste Infrastructure91107
Materials & InputsAdvanced Manufacturing7597
Chemicals & Hazardous Process IndustryAdvanced Manufacturing109143
Production SystemsAdvanced Manufacturing242301
Supply Chain & EcosystemAdvanced Manufacturing84115
Workforce & InnovationAdvanced Manufacturing1230
Seaports & TerminalsTransport Infrastructure260336
Air InfrastructureTransport Infrastructure272349
Air Navigation & Traffic ManagementTransport Infrastructure5779
Inland Waterways & FerriesTransport Infrastructure103126
Rail InfrastructureTransport Infrastructure2,4532,594
Roads & BridgesTransport Infrastructure278313
Logistics, Multimodal & Border InfrastructureTransport Infrastructure124194
Postal & ParcelTransport Infrastructure109167
Subsea Cables & International GatewaysCommunications & Digital Infrastructure672711
Core & Backbone NetworksCommunications & Digital Infrastructure1,6442,088
Mobile & Wireless NetworksCommunications & Digital Infrastructure1,9102,125
Spectrum & BroadcastingCommunications & Digital Infrastructure222279
Data Centres, Compute & CloudCommunications & Digital Infrastructure473641
Data ResourcesCommunications & Digital Infrastructure479634
AI Tools & ApplicationsCommunications & Digital Infrastructure5765
Currency & ReservesFinancial Infrastructure914
Payments & Settlement SystemsFinancial Infrastructure286315
Markets, Exchanges & DepositoriesFinancial Infrastructure430452
Banks, Insurers & Systemic InstitutionsFinancial Infrastructure120138
Health InfrastructureSocial Infrastructure145189
Public Health & LaboratoriesSocial Infrastructure5874
Medical Supply & StockpilesSocial Infrastructure103118
Education & Skills InfrastructureSocial Infrastructure395549
Research & Scientific FacilitiesSocial Infrastructure484640
Housing, Community & Social ServicesSocial Infrastructure163200
Government & Public AdministrationSocial Infrastructure7531,310
Cultural, Community & Recreational InfrastructureSocial Infrastructure145182
Justice & CorrectionsSocial Infrastructure3949
Emergency Services & Civil ProtectionSocial Infrastructure114178
Hydrometeorology & Early WarningSocial Infrastructure339462
R&D & Testing FacilitiesSpace, Aerospace & Defence Infrastructure82100
Manufacturing FacilitiesSpace, Aerospace & Defence Infrastructure139157
Launch, Maintenance & SupportSpace, Aerospace & Defence Infrastructure6470
Satellites & Orbital SystemsSpace, Aerospace & Defence Infrastructure591727
Ground Segment & TrackingSpace, Aerospace & Defence Infrastructure154163
Military Bases & InstallationsSpace, Aerospace & Defence Infrastructure501606

National Security

Hard Power · 10 groups, 39 capabilities

CapabilityGroupVery high or highWith medium
Standing Force Generation & TrainingForce Generation & Mobilisation8611,092
Reserve & Mobilisation SystemsForce Generation & Mobilisation351382
Territorial & Paramilitary ForcesForce Generation & Mobilisation524630
Imagery & Geospatial IntelligenceIntelligence & Assessment106125
Signals & Cyber IntelligenceIntelligence & Assessment152176
Technical & Measurement IntelligenceIntelligence & Assessment3340
Open-Source & Financial IntelligenceIntelligence & Assessment3031
Human Intelligence & CounterintelligenceIntelligence & Assessment236317
All-Source Analysis & WarningIntelligence & Assessment141164
Command, Control & CommunicationsJoint Command, Projection & Sustainment328422
Strategic Lift & MobilityJoint Command, Projection & Sustainment210256
Expeditionary & Peace OperationsJoint Command, Projection & Sustainment9411,072
Operational Sustainment & War ReservesJoint Command, Projection & Sustainment221260
Defence Industrial MobilisationJoint Command, Projection & Sustainment486680
CBRN DefenceJoint Command, Projection & Sustainment275530
Combined Arms ManoeuvreLand Power1,8512,486
Land FiresLand Power216306
Battlefield Aviation & Uncrewed SystemsLand Power213241
Special Operations & Irregular WarfareLand Power1,3451,870
Maritime Security & ConstabularyMaritime Power354509
Sea Denial & Undersea WarfareMaritime Power390434
Sea ControlMaritime Power362453
Amphibious & Expeditionary OperationsMaritime Power180223
Air Sovereignty & PolicingAir Power120143
Control of the AirAir Power407479
Air Strike & InterdictionAir Power478582
Airborne ISR, Early Warning & Battle ManagementAir Power115122
Long-Range StrikeStrategic Strike & Missile Defence514600
Integrated Air & Missile DefenceStrategic Strike & Missile Defence491526
Counter-Uncrewed & Low-Altitude DefenceStrategic Strike & Missile Defence104122
Assured Space AccessSpace Operations274347
Space Support to OperationsSpace Operations4056
Space Domain Awareness & ControlSpace Operations8299
Defensive Cyber OperationsCyber & Electromagnetic Operations101116
Offensive Cyber OperationsCyber & Electromagnetic Operations7277
Electronic Warfare & Spectrum OperationsCyber & Electromagnetic Operations5465
Nuclear Command, Control & CommunicationsNuclear Deterrence3555
Nuclear ForcesNuclear Deterrence511603
Stockpile Stewardship & SustainmentNuclear Deterrence6387

Human Capital

Soft Power · 9 groups, 25 capabilities

CapabilityGroupVery high or highWith medium
Child Health & NutritionEarly Childhood Development191218
Early Learning & School ReadinessEarly Childhood Development101114
Universal SchoolingFoundational Education229319
Foundational LearningFoundational Education180240
Inclusive ReachFoundational Education158236
Teaching WorkforceFoundational Education172220
Tertiary Access & ParticipationAdvanced Education634719
Graduate Formation & EmployabilityAdvanced Education4267
Doctoral & Research TrainingAdvanced Education105124
Occupational Skills & CertificationTechnical & Vocational Skills185237
Work-Based LearningTechnical & Vocational Skills116129
Foundational Digital SkillsDigital & AI Competence193258
Advanced Digital & AI SkillsDigital & AI Competence256481
Adult LearningLifelong Learning & Reskilling126154
Employer-Provided TrainingLifelong Learning & Reskilling6674
Workforce Reskilling at ScaleLifelong Learning & Reskilling5772
Research WorkforceResearch Talent & Knowledge Creation179286
Talent Attraction & RetentionResearch Talent & Knowledge Creation112166
Knowledge ProductionResearch Talent & Knowledge Creation6951,052
Physical Health & LongevityPopulation Health4780
Mental Health & WellbeingPopulation Health203220
Nutrition & Preventive HealthPopulation Health107159
Health & Care WorkforceHealth System Capability123151
Service Delivery & CoverageHealth System Capability298394
Public Health FunctionsHealth System Capability8651,076

Information & Influence

Soft Power · 6 groups, 18 capabilities

CapabilityGroupVery high or highWith medium
Diplomatic Network & Consular ReachDiplomatic Statecraft & Global Networks1,5761,834
Multilateral Leadership & Norm SettingDiplomatic Statecraft & Global Networks1,4032,280
Agenda-Setting & ConveningDiplomatic Statecraft & Global Networks323395
Mediation & Crisis DiplomacyDiplomatic Statecraft & Global Networks1,4481,755
Alliance & Treaty NetworksAlliances & Security Cooperation1,8822,766
Security Cooperation & Defence DiplomacyAlliances & Security Cooperation1,6271,890
Development Cooperation & FinanceDevelopment Cooperation & Global Assistance564651
Humanitarian Assistance & Response AbroadDevelopment Cooperation & Global Assistance225259
Cultural & Language InstitutesCulture, Language & Education Diplomacy150166
Creative Industries & Cultural Export ReachCulture, Language & Education Diplomacy130199
Heritage & Cultural InstitutionsCulture, Language & Education Diplomacy1,2381,338
Education Diplomacy & Alumni NetworksCulture, Language & Education Diplomacy6481
Sports & Major EventsCulture, Language & Education Diplomacy563635
Diaspora Engagement & InstitutionsDiaspora & Global Communities5477
Diaspora Knowledge Networks & CirculationDiaspora & Global Communities3855
Strategic Communications & Public DiplomacyInformation Environment & Strategic Communication136190
International Media & BroadcastingInformation Environment & Strategic Communication100115
Information Defence & Counter-InterferenceInformation Environment & Strategic Communication168213

Governance & Integrity

Soft Power · 8 groups, 28 capabilities

CapabilityGroupVery high or highWith medium
Electoral Management & IntegrityPolitical Institutions & Civic Participation5,1006,212
Legislature & Deliberative InstitutionsPolitical Institutions & Civic Participation3,1175,021
Citizen Participation & Civic SpacePolitical Institutions & Civic Participation1,7992,575
Judicial Independence & Court CapabilityJustice System & Fundamental Rights2,0922,420
Fundamental Rights ProtectionJustice System & Fundamental Rights3,8735,438
Human Rights Institutions & Equality BodiesJustice System & Fundamental Rights107204
Policing & Law EnforcementInternal Security & Order9481,206
Criminal Justice & CorrectionsInternal Security & Order767990
Organised Crime & Illicit Economy ResponseInternal Security & Order303567
Regulatory Quality & Better RegulationRegulatory Governance & Strategic Controls461800
Regulatory Delivery & Independent RegulatorsRegulatory Governance & Strategic Controls9001,179
Strategic Controls & Economic Security AdministrationRegulatory Governance & Strategic Controls1,1751,488
Centre of Government & Policy CoordinationGovernment Effectiveness & Public Administration5,58212,466
Civil Service & Public WorkforceGovernment Effectiveness & Public Administration196268
Digital Government & Service DeliveryGovernment Effectiveness & Public Administration7961,299
Statistical & Data CapabilityGovernment Effectiveness & Public Administration468541
Anti-Corruption Institutions & EnforcementPublic Integrity & Anti-Corruption633922
Public Sector Ethics & Integrity SystemsPublic Integrity & Anti-Corruption163238
Right to Information & Open GovernmentTransparency, Oversight & Accountability100136
Independent Oversight & Supreme AuditTransparency, Oversight & Accountability91103
Independent Media & Journalist SafetyTransparency, Oversight & Accountability390472
National Risk Assessment & Early WarningNational Resilience & Crisis Management163210
Crisis Leadership & CoordinationNational Resilience & Crisis Management378552
Civil Protection & Emergency ManagementNational Resilience & Crisis Management1,0511,364
Social Protection & Household ResilienceNational Resilience & Crisis Management427572
Recovery, Continuity & AdaptationNational Resilience & Crisis Management125181

Financial Strength

Economic Power · 6 groups, 24 capabilities

CapabilityGroupVery high or highWith medium
Monetary Policy & Price StabilityMonetary & Currency Capability777909
Exchange Rate & External Account ManagementMonetary & Currency Capability804952
Currency Issuance & Digital MoneyMonetary & Currency Capability528642
Revenue Mobilisation & Tax AdministrationFiscal Capacity & Public Finance9381,138
Public Expenditure & Budget ManagementFiscal Capacity & Public Finance675927
Sovereign Debt & Treasury ManagementFiscal Capacity & Public Finance812926
Public Investment ManagementFiscal Capacity & Public Finance350481
Banking System CapacityFinancial System Depth & Access8001,004
Capital Markets Depth & DevelopmentFinancial System Depth & Access641799
Long-Term & Institutional CapitalFinancial System Depth & Access176200
Financial Inclusion & Household AccessFinancial System Depth & Access168337
Development & Policy FinanceFinancial System Depth & Access152199
Prudential Regulation & SupervisionFinancial Regulation & Integrity240294
Financial Integrity & Illicit Finance ControlFinancial Regulation & Integrity300360
Market Conduct & Consumer ProtectionFinancial Regulation & Integrity185272
Payment & Market Infrastructure OversightFinancial Regulation & Integrity133134
Macroprudential & Systemic OversightFinancial Stability & Crisis Management128201
Crisis Management, Resolution & Deposit InsuranceFinancial Stability & Crisis Management454521
External Liquidity & Financial Safety NetsFinancial Stability & Crisis Management2,0592,149
Official Reserves ManagementSovereign Capital & External Financial Power133160
Sovereign Wealth & Public Asset ManagementSovereign Capital & External Financial Power226265
Currency Internationalisation & Reserve StatusSovereign Capital & External Financial Power109125
Capital Account & Flow ManagementSovereign Capital & External Financial Power132155
International Financial Centre CapabilitySovereign Capital & External Financial Power136208

Production & Innovation

Economic Power · 7 groups, 23 capabilities

CapabilityGroupVery high or highWith medium
Productive Scale & Market SizeEconomic Output & Productivity4378
Productivity Growth & Allocative EfficiencyEconomic Output & Productivity143316
Employment & Labour Force ParticipationLabour & Employment118206
Labour Market Institutions & Wage SettingLabour & Employment629751
Employment Services & Skills MatchingLabour & Employment181206
Labour Adjustment, Transition & FormalisationLabour & Employment175216
Manufacturing & Advanced IndustryIndustrial & Sectoral Base8691,206
Foundational & Process IndustriesIndustrial & Sectoral Base156194
Agrifood & Primary ProductionIndustrial & Sectoral Base638900
Services EconomyIndustrial & Sectoral Base62129
Economic Complexity & Capability BreadthStructural Transformation & Complexity825
Economic DiversificationStructural Transformation & Complexity129201
Regional & Place-Based DevelopmentStructural Transformation & Complexity119176
Entrepreneurship & Firm CreationBusiness Dynamism & Entrepreneurship498562
Risk Capital & Scale-Up FinanceBusiness Dynamism & Entrepreneurship124147
Firm Growth, Exit & RenewalBusiness Dynamism & Entrepreneurship409528
Competition & Market ContestabilityBusiness Dynamism & Entrepreneurship508750
Business Innovation CapabilityInnovation & Commercialisation126188
Research Commercialisation & Knowledge TransferInnovation & Commercialisation161206
Intellectual Property & Intangible AssetsInnovation & Commercialisation210244
Innovation Ecosystems & ClustersInnovation & Commercialisation179246
Digital Economy AdoptionTechnology Adoption & Diffusion5851,007
Industrial Technology DiffusionTechnology Adoption & Diffusion96138

Trade & Investment

Economic Power · 7 groups, 22 capabilities

CapabilityGroupVery high or highWith medium
Customs & Border ManagementTrade Facilitation & Logistics665781
Maritime & Logistics ServicesTrade Facilitation & Logistics175214
Trade Policy & Negotiation CapabilityTrade Policy & Market Access606826
Market Access & Agreements NetworkTrade Policy & Market Access1,4541,677
Trade Law & EnforcementTrade Policy & Market Access163199
Standards, Conformity & Quality InfrastructureTrade Policy & Market Access205226
Services Trade CapabilityDigital & Services Trade257320
Digital Trade & E-CommerceDigital & Services Trade126168
Data Flows & Digital Trade GovernanceDigital & Services Trade6882
Tourism & Visitor EconomyDigital & Services Trade324434
Investment Attraction & FacilitationInvestment Attraction & Projection457604
Investment Absorption & LinkagesInvestment Attraction & Projection3044
Outward Investment & Global Corporate PresenceInvestment Attraction & Projection174197
Export Promotion & Market DevelopmentExport Capability & Sophistication67122
Export Credit & Trade FinanceExport Capability & Sophistication4158
Export Quality & UpgradingExport Capability & Sophistication3865
Value Chain Participation & IntegrationGlobal Value Chain Position81127
Value Chain Position & UpgradingGlobal Value Chain Position6678
Regional Integration & Hub AnchoringGlobal Value Chain Position461627
Strategic Supply SecurityEconomic Leverage & Dependence343430
Concentration Risk & Revenue StabilisationEconomic Leverage & Dependence102149
Economic Leverage & Coercion ResistanceEconomic Leverage & Dependence1,2691,460