Hard Power · Critical Technology · Quantum Technologies

Post-Quantum Cryptography

The capacity to develop, standardise and migrate to cryptography that withstands quantum attack, the algorithms, the implementations and the national transition of systems that must stay secret for decades.

Developments: 54late 1970s to October 2026
With medium: 7719 very high
Nations: 20
Unverified: 150 verified

Timeline

Every development graded as belonging to this capability, wherever it is kept: very high (about it), high (directly and substantially changes it), medium (a direct, material effect on it). A model gave the grades, reading each entry against the framework. A structured starting point, not a cited record. An entry marked unverified has not been checked against a source; tiers are assigned by a model and are not comparable between nation and capability timelines.

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