Hard Power · Strategic Infrastructure · Communications & Digital Infrastructure

Core & Backbone Networks

Core and backbone networks covers fixed and interconnection infrastructure, including national and metropolitan fibre routes, long-haul microwave links, exchanges, fixed access networks and internet exchange points.

Developments: 1,6441851 to June 2026
With medium: 2,088535 very high
Nations: 202
Unverified: 1,6060 verified

Timeline

Every development graded as belonging to this capability, wherever it is kept: very high (about it), high (directly and substantially changes it), medium (a direct, material effect on it). A model gave the grades, reading each entry against the framework. A structured starting point, not a cited record. An entry marked unverified has not been checked against a source; tiers are assigned by a model and are not comparable between nation and capability timelines.

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